In your physics process, you should be able to get that information from the array that get returned if you drop it into a variable.
For instance: (assuming your movement Vector2 is called _velocity
)
func _physics_process(delta):
var _collision = move_and_collide(_velocity)
if _collision:
var _colliderVelocity = _collision.get_collider_velocity()
var _colliderPosition = _collision.get_position()
You can also reference the docs:
KinematicCollsion2D - Godot Docs